Present Tenses Bahasa Inggris Kelas X
PRESENT TENSES
Tenses is determined by two factors:
a. Time
- 1. Present
- 2. Past
- 3. Present Future
- 4. Past Future
b. Stage
- 1. Simple
- 2. Continous
- 3. Perfect
- 4. Perfect Continous
01. Simple Present Tense
We use simple present tense to talk about :
- things in general / general truth
- habitual action
- repeatedly action
Pattern:
Verbal Sentence
(+) S + Verb1 (es.s)
(-) S + do/does + not + verb1
(?) Do/Does + S + Verb1 ?
Nominal Sentences
(+) S + is/am/are + adjective/noun
(-) S + is/am/are + not + adjective/noun
(?) Is /am/are + S + adjective/noun ?
Adverb of time
- always
- sometimes
- usually
- every
- nowadays
- once
Examples:
- The earth goes round the sun.
- Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
- I get up at 8 o'clock every morning.
- My mother cooks cake once a week.
- She is here every Monday.
02. Present Continous Tense
We use the present continuous when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking.
Adverb of time
- now
- right now
- at this moment / present / time
Pattern :
(+) S + is/am/are + verb-ing.
(-) S + is/am/are + not + verb-ing
(?) Is/am/are + S + Verb-ing ?
Examples:
- Please don't make so much noise, I am study ing now
- She's having a bath now
- They are doing their homework at this mo ment.
- We are playing football now.
Notes:
- Untuk Kata Kerja yang Melukiskan Perasaan (Verb of Emotion):
Jika kata kerja di dalam bentuk Present Continuous Tense melukiskan perasaan seperti dislike, like, want dan lain-lain, maka tidak boleh ditambahkan -ing dan To Be walaupun pengucapan kalimat nya pada saat sedang berlangsungnya peristiwa tersebut.
Contoh:
I like Mrs. Maddona.
BUKAN:
I am liking Mrs. Maddona.
We want to see our new neighbor.
BUKAN:
We are wanting to see our new neighbor.
- Untuk Kata Kerja yang Menyatakan Pikiran atau endapat (Verb of Thought or Opinion):
Jika kata kerja di dalam bentuk Present Continuous Tense menyatakan pikiran atau pendapat seperti forget, believe, expect, prefer, remember, realize, know dan lain-lain, maka tidak boleh ditambahkan -ing dan To Be.
Contoh:
Dani believe she would come here.
BUKAN:
I am beliving she would come here.
- Untuk Kata Kerja yang Berhubungan dengan Panca Indera (Verb of Sense);
Jika kata kerja di dalam bentuk Present Continuous Tense berhubungan dengan panca indera seperti see, hear, smell, notice, taste dan lain-lain, maka tidak boleh ditambahkan -ing dan To Be
Contoh:
The food smell really good.
BUKAN:
The food is smelling really good.
- Untuk Kata Kerja yang Menunjukkan Kepunyaan (Verb of Possession):
Jika kata kerja di dalam Present Continuous Tense menunjukkan kepunyaan seperti belong to, owe, own dan lain-lain, maka tidak boleh ditambahkan -ing dan To Be.
Contoh:
Mr. Banu owns two cars.
BUKAN:
Mr. Banu is owning two cars.
03. Present Perfect Tense
We use the present perfect tense to say that something has finished happening just now.
Adverb of time
- just now
- since ....
- already - for two hours
- since yesterday
- for ....
Pattern :
Verbal Sentence
(+) S + has/have + verb3
(-) S + has/have + not + verb3
(?) Has/have + S + Verb3 ?
Nominal Sentences
(+) S + has/have + been + adjective/noun
(-) S + has/have + not + been + adjective/noun
(?) Has/have + S + been + adjective/noun ?
Examples:
- I have sent those letters just now.
- She has moved here since yesterday.
- I have been hungry since two hours ago.
- Has he been ok ?
04. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
We use the present continous when we talk about an action (quite a long action) which began in the past and is still happening until now.
Adverb of time
- for two years
- since 1900
- for ....
- since ....
Pattern:
Verbal Sentence
(+) S + has/have + been + verb-ing
(-) S + has/have + not + been + verb-ing
(?) Has/have + S + been + verb-ing ?
Examples :
- She has been doing her homework for two hours.
- We have been playing football since this morning.
- He has been working since 2 hours ago.
- Have you been doing your task for an hour ?
- (A) knocks
- (B) knocked
- (C) is knocking
- (D) has knocked
- (E) was knocking
Kunci Jawaban: C
02. At night the starts ____out.
- (A) come
- (B) is coming
- (C) has come
- (D) are coming
- (E) came
Kunci Jawaban: A
03. Leave me alone, I ____at this moment
- (A) will work
- (B) have worked
- (C) worked
- (D) am working
- (E) have been working
Kunci Jawaban: D
04. We often ____our school lessons at home.
- (A) read
- (B) are reading
- (C) will read
- (D) have read
- (E) was reading
Kunci Jawaban: A
05. Juni usually ____her homework in the afternoon.
- (A) do
- (B) does
- (C) did
- (D) is doing
- (E) has done
Kunci Jawaban: B
06. Mr. Roni ____for that company since 1984.
- (A) worked
- (B) works
- (C) has worked
- (D) will work
- (E) is working
Kunci Jawaban: C
07. Nina ____in this company since she graduated.
- (A) is working
- (B) has been working
- (C) works
- (D) worked
- (E) have worked
Kunci Jawaban: B
08. Mr. Pribadi has been working since last friday. This means : Mr. Pribadi strarted to work last friday and he ____
- (A) stopped working at the same day
- (B) didn't want to work anymore
- (C) has to stop working until now
- (D) is still working until now
- (E) worked very hard
Kunci Jawaban: D
09. He began teaching at SMU 3 in 1998. He ____ for 7 years in that school this year.
- (A) teach
- (B) teaches
- (C) tought
- (D) has tought
- (E) was teaching
Kunci Jawaban: C
10. "How long has he been the director of our company ?"
- (A) was entering
- (B) have entered
- (C) has been entering
- (D) entered
- (E) have been entering
Kunci Jawaban: D
11. Mother _______ since ten o’clock in the morning.
- (A) cooked
- (B) is cooking
- (C) has been cooking
- (D) was cooking
- (E) had cooked
Kunci Jawaban: C
12. The maid ______ the housework since this morning. She is going to the market later.
- (A) was doing
- (B) would be doing
- (C) had been doing
- (D) has been doing
- (E) is doing
Kunci Jawaban: D
13. Francis ______ on the piano twice a day.
- (A) is practicing
- (B) practiced
- (C) has practiced
- (D) practices
- (E) was practicing
Kunci Jawaban: D
14. The fact that sleep deprivation causes numerous harmful effects ... that the body requires sleep to restore itself.
- (A) suggests
- (B) suggested
- (C) has suggested
- (D) had suggested
- (E) was suggesting
Kunci Jawaban: A
15. I know one of my students ..... in your company since he graduated.
- (A) work
- (B) working
- (C) to work
- (D) has been working
- (E) have worked
Kunci Jawaban: D
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